CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR BIOCHEMISTRY

provide students with the basic knowledge to knowledge and understanding on:

a) the new role of the pharmacist today including the organization of some services in pharmacy ,

b) the diagnostic value of the enzymatic activity respect to health and/or disease as: diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, liver function abnormalities, abnormal heart function, oxidative stress etc.;

c) the causes, consequences and possible therapeutic approach of pathological conditions identified as: diabetes, celiac disease, gluten sensibility, chron, cardiometabolic disease, etc

d) the real role of nutrition and lifestyle in the prevention of various diseases; the role of supplements and their proper use;

e) the methodologies that underlie the production of biotech drugs, their advantages / disadvantages respect to traditional drug and the differences among traditonal and biotechnological drugs;

f) of new generation vaccines, including edible preparations;

The roles of the pharmacist today by dispensing versus counselor and manager of services in Pharmacy. The self-analysis in the pharmacy (DM16.12.2010, G.U.n. 57 of 10.03.2011), and in the role of pharmacist. Importance of quality in equipment management and control of reagents. Analytical variability, prescriptive, pre-analytical, analytical and reporting accuracy. Clinical significance of some enzymes activities in serum and plasma and behavior of these enzymes in pathological conditions (liver disease, myocardial infarction, diseases of skeletal muscles, kidney diseases) Oxidative stress and its presence in several diseases; natural antioxidants, endogenous and exogenous. Level of radical species and antioxidant barrier as self-analysis in pharmacies. Functional food and nutraceutical: mechanism of cardio-neuro-preventive chemo-protective. Nutrients and anti-nutrients; the 7 food classes. Neonatal screening and new laws on neonatal expanded screening for hereditary diseases. Proteins, food security and nutrition security, food guidelines, the pyramid-food guide. Carbohydrates: Nutritional sources, minimum requirements and recommended requirements. glycemic index of a food and its biochemical meaning. Dietary fiber: soluble and insoluble insoluble. Lipids: nutritional energy sources and energy value, fatty acids of nutritional interest and n-6/n-3 families. Dietary cholesterol and endogenous cholesterol. Lipidomics and Fat profile. Recurring illnesses associated with digestion and / or absorption: celiac disease, gluten sensitivity and Chron's disease. Water requirements in adults and in children. Alcoholic beverages and effects on the nutritional status, CNS, cardiovascular system, body temperature. Vitamins: nutritional significance and relations with the metabolism, blood dosage levels of some vitamins; vit.D and its key roles; group B vitamines and correlations with the methylation, trans-sulfuration, betaine, folate and urea cycles as well as with the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Polymorphisms of the enzymes involved in these cycles and their metabolic role. Heavy metals: definition and classification, the presence in air, water and food, bioaccumulation and toxicity. The Mineralogramma and its analytical needs also to assess the level of different minerals: sodium, potassium and chloride; calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, iodine, fluorine, magnesium, chromium, selenium and their ratios (wheel of minerals) Dosage and role of Cit P450 polymorphism, informational role of the pharmacist. Dietary supplements: definition. Brief notes on the Italian and European legislation governing the production and marketing of supplements. energy integration and vitamins. Integration and complementation of food proteins. Role of the pharmacist on the use of supplements. CoQ10 and statins, need for CoQ10, alpha lipoic acid and ALA-SOD.

Basic techniques of molecular biology used in molecular diagnostics and in the preparation of biotechnological drugs: extraction and handling of nucleic acids. recombinant DNA, cDNA, molecular probes and techniques such as RFLP, Southern, Western and Northen blot, PCR, SNPs and their analytical/diagnostic value. DNA sequencing and diagnostic and prognostic analysis of genomes. CGHarray, and study of the exome. 4P medicine and its value in the prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Epigenetics and its heritability, gut microbiome and importance as a second brain. Biotechnology drugs, animals and plants pharmacists,cloning from adult cells. Edible vaccines. Brief Notes on: ELISA Test, Monoclonal Antibodies and personalized therapies. omics sciences and key role of proteomics and redoxomica. Comet assay to assess the damage to SSBs and DSBs and l 'DNA oxidation.

Federici G. et al, Medicina di laboratorio, 3 edizione, McGraw-Hill, 2008

Michael Laposata. MEDICINA DI LABORATORIO NEL LABORATORIO CLINICO. Ediz. Piccin, 2012

J Dale, M.von Schantz, Dai Geni ai Genomi N. Plant Edises 2013

Guarnieri V. Tarola P. Turini P. Biochimica Applicata alla diagnostica di laboratorio principi e metodologie 4/Ed. Giarnieri - SEU Società Editrice Universo, 2012 applicata alla diagnostica di laboratorio. Principi e metodologie

Liguori G. Nutrizione e dietologia clinica. Ed. Zanichelli , 2015

Students receive the materials (Studium) for the lessons (power-point slides in pdf format and comprehensive notes in English) usually before each lesson. This material constitutes support and guidance to the study and exam preparation. Slides and notes are annually updated,so the mentioned texts must be considered as a guide to the study and not the only source of study.