BIOLOGIA APPLICATA - ANATOMIA UMANA M - Z

Module ANATOMIA UMANA

The course aims to provide students with the basic concepts regarding the macroscopic, microscopic, and topographic anatomy of the main systems and apparatuses of the human body. In particular, the expected learning outcomes of the course are:

• 1. Knowledge and understanding: through frontal teaching, at the end of the course, it is expected that the student will be able to describe, illustrate, and recognize the microscopic constitution and functioning of all organs and apparatuses.
• 2. Applying knowledge and understanding: the student will be able to apply anatomical knowledge to solve and frame issues related to the topographic and functional organization of the human body.
• 3. Making judgements: the student will verify their degree of learning and understanding of the concepts presented by the professor thanks to the possibility of intervening in discussions during class. They must be able to organize and implement the acquired knowledge, critically analyzing and evaluating the anatomical characteristics of all apparatuses, as well as organ and regional topography.
• 4. Communication skills: the student must demonstrate having developed the ability to present and orally explain the anatomical-functional framework of the organism in an effective and comprehensive manner, and to express the learned concepts using appropriate language.
• 5. Learning skills: the student will develop the ability to deepen and update their knowledge independently, retrieving information from scientific texts and anatomical atlases.

Delivery of frontal/traditional teaching. Frontal lectures aimed at the presentation of contents by the professor.

If the course is delivered in blended or remote mode, appropriate adjustments may be made to the above, to ensure consistency with the syllabus.

Prerequisites as per the study plan. Basic knowledge of biology and histology is recommended.

Attendance is mandatory as required by the teaching regulations of the Degree Course. Absences are allowed for no more than 30% of the total lecture hours, evaluated in all forms of execution  (https://www.dsf.unict.it/it/corsi/lm-13/regolamento-didattico).

INTRODUCTION

Anatomical position, terms of position and movement, body regions. - Basic knowledge and structure of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous. - Integumentary system. Locomotor System: generalities of bone and muscle tissue.

SPLANCHNOLOGY

• Respiratory system: generalities, external and internal nose, larynx, trachea, main bronchi and their branches, lungs, alveolar structure, pleurae.
• Digestive system: generalities, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum and mesenteric intestine), large intestine (cecum, colon, and rectum). - Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the liver and pancreas. Peritoneum.
• Urinary system: generalities, kidneys, urinary excretory pathways (calyces, pelvis, ureter), bladder, male and female urethra.
• Male reproductive system: generalities, testes, spermatic pathways (straight tubules, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts). - Glands annexed to the male reproductive system (seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands).
• Female reproductive system: generalities, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina.

CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• Generalities on the blood and lymphatic systems.
• Heart: external and internal morphology, relations, structure, fibrous skeleton of the heart, atrial and ventricular musculature, conduction system of the heart. - Histological organization of blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). - Arterial system: aorta and its main branches. Systemic, cerebral, pulmonary, and coronary arterial circulation. - Venous system: superior and inferior vena cava. Systemic, pulmonary, portal, and lower limb venous circulation. - Lymphatic system and immunity.

INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

• Nervous System: organization of nervous tissue, spinal cord and spinal nerves, main sensory and motor pathways, brain and cranial nerves, autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions).
• Endocrine System: hypothalamic control over endocrine organs, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, adrenal glands, endocrine pancreas. 

Anatomia Umana, Fondamenti. Barbatelli G. edi-ermes (1)

Anatomia Umana. Martini FH. Edises (2)

The exam will consist of an oral or written test, formulated as a multiple-choice quiz to be completed in 30 minutes. The assessment method is strictly related to the verification of the expected learning outcomes. For the oral exam, the following will be evaluated: the relevance of the answers, the quality of the contents, and the appropriate use of specific language.

For the attribution of the final grade, the following parameters will be considered:

• Exam not passed: the student does not possess the minimum required knowledge of the main contents.
• Grade 18-21: minimum knowledge, modest ability to integrate the presented situations; underdeveloped property of language.
• Grade 22-25: fair knowledge limited to the main topics; fairly clear exposition.
• Grade 26-28: good knowledge, ability to analyze critically and linearly, clear exposition, and appropriate language.
• Grade 29-30 cum laude: in-depth knowledge, excellent communication skills, and outstanding property of language.

Learning assessment may also be carried out online, should the conditions require it.

To ensure equal opportunities and in compliance with current laws, interested students may request a personal interview in order to plan any compensatory and/or dispensatory measures based on educational objectives and specific needs. Students can also contact the CInAP (Centro per l’integrazione Attiva e Partecipata — Servizi per le Disabilità e/o i DSA, (https://www.cinap.unict.it/content/referenti) and re

Gas exchanges occur:

In the alveoli

In the alveolar ducts

In the alveoli and alveolar ducts

In the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles

In the alveoli and bronchi

Which of the following organs prevents the passage of the food bolus into the respiratory tract?

The soft palate

The tongue

The pharynx

The epiglottis

None of the above

The acetabular cavity articulates with the head of the femur:

Only with the lunate surface

Only with the acetabular notch

Only with the glenoid labrum

Only with the fat pad

Only with the acetabular fossa

Juxtaglomerular cells:

None of the answers are correct

Are located in the wall of the efferent arteriole

Form the endothelium of glomerular capillaries

Are located at the urinary pole of the renal corpuscle

Are located in the wall of the collecting duct