ALIMENTI E INTERAZIONI CON I FARMACI
Module MODULO 1: CHIMICA FARMACEUTICA

Academic Year 2025/2026 - Teacher: VALERIA PITTALA'

Expected Learning Outcomes

The course aims to provide in-depth knowledge of the complex interactions that can occur between the active ingredients in drugs and dietary components. The course will analyze the most relevant chemical-pharmaceutical and clinical implications and the categories of drugs at greatest risk.
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
•    Describe the chemical-pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of food-drug interactions.
•    Understand regulatory guidelines (AIFA, EMA, FDA).
•    How to enhance the therapeutic action of a drug and avoid potentially harmful combinations.
•    Develop critical tools for the correct combination of drugs and foods.
•    Describe the main foods involved in the most important food-drug interactions related to  the chemical interactions involved.


Course Structure

The course activities consist of classroom lectures during which all the topics on the program will be covered in detail.
During the lectures, students are actively encouraged to take part in discussions on the topics covered.
If the course is taught in a blended or distance learning format, the necessary changes may be made to the above in order to comply with the program set out in the syllabus.
According to the RDA, Art. 12 - University Credits (CFU), the standard workload of 25 hours of total student commitment, corresponding to one credit, may include:
a) 7 hours dedicated to lectures or equivalent teaching activities and the remainder to individual study;
b) at least 12 and no more than 15 hours dedicated to classroom exercises or equivalent assisted activities (laboratories) and the remainder to study and personal review;
Information for students with disabilities and/or SLDs:
To ensure equal opportunities and in compliance with current legislation, interested students may request a personal interview in order to plan any compensatory and/or dispensatory measures, based on educational objectives and specific needs.

You can also contact the CInAP (Center for Active and Participatory Integration - Services for Disabilities and/or SLDs) representative for our Department, Prof. Santina Chiechio.
Class schedule:https://www.dsf.unict.it/it/corsi/lm-13/orario-delle-lezioni

Required Prerequisites

To successfully complete the course, students are required to have:

    a basic knowledge of organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and toxicology; systematic human biochemistry, general pharmacology, and pharmacotherapy;
    fundamental knowledge of biochemistry and human physiology;

Attendance of Lessons

Attendance is mandatory in accordance with the regulations of the Pharmacy degree program. 

Detailed Course Content

    Moments of drug action, chemical-pharmaceutical aspects
    Action of food and main functional groups involved 
    Pharmaceutical phase with focus on chemical interactions between food and drugs
    Pharmacokinetic phase with focus on chemical interactions between food and drugs
    Pharmacodynamic phase with focus on chemical interactions between food and drugs
    Major enzyme systems involved in the metabolism of drugs and food. Related chemical reactions
    Study of potential food-drug interactions during the design and development of a drug
    Anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), chemical-pharmaceutical interactions involved
    Complexing and chelating agents, chemical structure, and drug-food interactions
    Influence of the gut microbiota on the absorption of food and drugs
    Chemical-pharmaceutical interactions between food and drugs affecting:
    the central nervous system,
    the cardiovascular system,
    the respiratory system,
    the gastrointestinal system,
    anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drugs,
    anti-infective and chemotherapeutic drugs



Textbook Information

  1. 1. Slides provided by the teacher

2.     2. Scientific papers provided during the lessons

3.     3. Kelly Anne Meckling. Nutrient-Drug Interactions. Taylor & Francis Group

4.    4. Luisa Mannina, Maria Daglia, Alberto Ritieni. Nutrienti e aspetti nutraceutici. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

Learning Assessment

Learning Assessment Procedures

The exam consists of a writing test or an oral test to be agreed with the students. 

Exam calendar: https://www.dsf.unict.it/it/corsi/lm-13/calendario-esami

Information for students with disabilities and/or learning disabilities:

To ensure equal opportunities and in compliance with current legislation, interested students may request a personal interview in order to plan any compensatory and/or dispensatory measures, based on the educational objectives and specific needs.

You can also contact the CInAP (Center for Active and Participatory Integration - Services for Disabilities and/or SLDs) representative for our Department, Prof. Santina Chiechio.

Examples of frequently asked questions and / or exercises

Describe the main stages of a drug's action and discuss the main reactions involved.

Describe the effect of food on the different stages of a drug's ADME, paying particular attention to the functional groups involved. 

Discuss anti-nutritional factors and related chemical interactions

Discuss the effect of chelating and complexing agents on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phases of a drug.

Describe the most important food-drug interactions in the central nervous system.

Describe the most important food-drug interactions in the gastrointestinal system.

How to prevent potential food-drug interactions during the design and development of new drugs.