Research

Department researchers carry out basic and applied (pre-industrial) research activities in the different fields of competence, mainly supported by private and public funding, from both national and EU origin.

The main research lines upon which the current activities are focused are:
i) naturally occurring biologically active compounds (pharma, nutraceuticals, food, cosmetics);
ii) neurosciences (drug design & development, brain drug delivery, neurobiology, neuropharmacology);
iii) chemotherapeutics (antibacterials, antifungals, antivirals, anticancer agents).

To date, 20 researchers from DSFS are cited in the AD Scientific Index 2023 (https://www.adscientificindex.com/top-100-scientist/?con=Europe)

PIANO OPERATIVO SALUTE - Traiettoria 4 (Biotecnologia, bioinformatica e sviluppo farmaceutico)

Tematica: Riposizionamento di farmaci per il trattamento di malattie rare del sistema nervoso centrale in ambito pediatrico (Drug repurposing in paediatric neurological rare diseases - D-RaRe)

Progetto Pilota (per case study): Ataxia-telangiectasia (Sindrome di Louis-Bar): è una malattia rara neurodegenerativa, che esordisce in genere nell’infanzia e causa grave disabilità. La prognosi è grave, per la possibilità di insorgenza di immunodepressione, infezioni respiratorie, neurodegenerazione, teleangectasie oculari e cutanee, e rischio di sviluppare tumori.

Le attività che saranno svolte dai ricercatori del DSFS vanno dall'utilizzo di banche dati (es. FDA, EMA) di farmaci e tools farmacologici da valutare in silico in merito al loro fittaggio con i signalling pathways delle diverse forme cliniche delle malattie (rare) da studiare, alla caratterizzazione biochimica e farmacologica dei relativi meccanismi di azione e dell'attività preclinica, alla (ri)formulazione di forme farmaceutiche idonee all'impiego pediatrico e alle terpie personalizzate (drug repurposing).

L’obiettivo che si intende raggiungere nei 4 anni del progetto è quello di canalizzare i risultati delle attività di ricerca convertendoli, mediante strategie di riposizionamento terapeutico di farmaci, nello sviluppo di nuove terapie, scalabili industrialmente, per il trattamento clinico di patologie rare neurologiche in ambito pediatrico.

PROGETTI DI RICERCA PNRR

Molti ricercatori del DSFS partecipano ad alcuni dei progetti finanziati nell'ambito del PNRR (pagina in fase di completamento)

PE6 - PARTNERIATO ESTESO SULLA MEDICINA DI PRECISIONE

TITOLO DEL PROGETTO: HEAL ITALIA - Health Extended ALliance for Innovative Therapies, Advanced Lab-research, and Integrated Approaches of Precision Medicine

Proff. Rosario Pignatello, Teresa Musumeci, Angela Bonaccorso

Challenge:

The metabolic syndrome, which includes diabetes and obesity, one of the most widespread medical conditions, induces brain disfunction and has been also related to neurodegenerative diseases. Licensed medicines are mostly given by oral administration and are limited by the difficulty in crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The nasal route has been explored as an alternative pathway that allows drugs to be directly delivered to the brain via the nasal cavity. However, clearance mechanisms in the nasal cavity impair the delivery of drugs to the brain and limit their bioavailability. Nanomedicine have been proposed as strategy for nose-to-brain delivery to overcome the limits due to site of administration and facilitate drug transport directly to the brain, minimizing side effects and maximizing therapeutic benefits.

Research:

The aim of the project is the design and production through a Quality-by-Design (QbD) of different nanocarriers loaded with small drug molecules, peptides or proteins, planned to bypass the blood brain barrier using the intranasal route. The selected suitable nanocarriers will be tested in vivo to prove their higher efficacy compared to free drugs and/or to different routes of administration (IV or oral).

Prof. Antonio Rescifina

This project aims to accelerate the exploitation of a kit-based THP technology for the production of PET tracers for the detection of cancer and other human pathologies using the advantages of 68Ga. Differently to the nowadays used PET tracers, the products derived from the development of the project will have the advantages of using THP as chelating unit for the 68Ga. This will ensure a quantitative radiolabelling in extreme mild conditions without eluate pre-processing or post-labelling purification. Moreover, other radionuclides, such as In111 and Ga67, and others, can be quantitatively labeled with the same products ensuring other applications in detection and therapy.

Proff. Salvatore Sortino, Aurore Fraix

Challenge:

The use of photo-generated non-conventional agents (NO, 1O2 and heat) required the development of highly efficient, non-toxic precursors able to be to stimulated by biocompatible light. Then, the precursors need to be formulated for efficient delivery to the tumour. This formulation step is not trivial as it is not obvious that chromophores preserve their properties when they are confined in a restricted area. This became even more challenging if conventional drugs are added to the formulation.

Research:

The aim of this research is the design, fabrication and characterization of light-activatable molecular and supramolecular systems or nanomaterials able to release non-conventional therapeutic species (nitric oxide (NO), singlet oxygen (1O2) and heat) in order to overcome MDR phenomena in cancer cells. Successively these systems will be associated with conventional chemotherapeutic to take advantage of additive or synergistic effect. When possible, the therapeutic properties will be associated with fluorescent properties, desirable for the imaging.

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CN1 - Centro Nazionale per simulazioni, calcolo e analisi dei dati ad alte prestazioni

Proff. Francesco Pappalardo, Giuseppe Forte, Salvatore Guccione, Antonio Rescifina, Simone Ronsisvalle

Spoke 8 will carry out two major activities, i) In Silico Medicine & ii) Omics Data.

In silico medicine aims at the following objectives:

To develop a fully integrated digital data flow between the HPC center and the healthcare centers.
To use HPC solvers to develop vertical solutions for In Silico Medicine (both Digital Patient and In Silico Trials, which provide sufficiently large-scale or the necessary computational performance)
To expose these solutions through automated pipelines that hide the complexity to clinical and industrial end-users and allow automated workflows that execute and return into the Electronic Health Record of biomarkers predicted in silico as soon as the necessary input data are made available for that patient.
To conduct comparative studies on selected in silico medicine applications to quantify the performance and cost benefits of using an advanced HPC platforms and not medium-range clusters or cloud computing.

Omics data aims at the following objectives:

To design and develop a fully automatized workflow, in which all the steps can benefit from ad hoc software, graphical interfaces (i.e., LIMS), etc.
To deploy bioinformatics pipelines capable of performing exceptionally on next-generation hardware, including GPU-based HPC or FPGA.
To develop machine learning algorithms (including machine vision) to analyze omics data (including radiomics) efficiently, with the final goal to provide reliable correlations and associations.
To stratify patients for improved diagnoses and more efficacious pharmacological treatments.
To calculate thermodynamics and kinetics of drug-target binding through HPC-optimized physics-based methods (portability to quantum computing will also be investigated).
To deploy user-friendly and ready-to-use software packages for the medical and biological community country-wise.

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Centro Nazionale di Ricerca 3 – Sviluppo Di Terapia Genica e Farmaci con Tecnologia a RNA (spoke 2)

Dr.ssa Agata Grazia D'Amico

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Ecosistemi dell’Innovazione “Micro and nano technologies and systems for energy, environment, smart agriculture, smart mobility, health and cultural heritage

PROGRAMMA: SAMOTHRACE - SiciliAn MicronanOTecH Research And Innovation CEnter

Proff. Filippo Caraci, Giuseppe Forte, Salvatore Petralia

3) Development of nanostructured materials and integration on microfluidics systems for liquid biopsy application.

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Piano Complementare PNRR – linea 1a

PROGRAMMA: ANTHEM - AdvaNced Technologies for Human-centrEd Medicine (spoke 4)

Prof.ssa Claudia Di Giacomo

Progetto Europeo ICOD in collaborazione con l'IRCCS Oasi di Troina

21 marzo 2021 - Importante successo per il prof. Filippo Caraci, docente di Farmacologia del Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute e responsabile dell’UOR di Neurofarmacologia all’Oasi di Troina, coordinatore per le attività di dissemination a livello europeo del progetto ICOD, finalizzato a sperimentare il primo farmaco di una nuova classe farmacologica, l’AEF0217, diretto verso il recettore per i cannabinoidi (CB1) nel trattamento dei deficit cognitivi nella sindrome di Down.

I nutraceutici per prevenire e curare le infezioni virali e anche il Covid nei bambini

13 marzo 2021 - Lo studio dei ricercatori dell’Università di Catania è stato pubblicato sulla prestigiosa rivista scientifica “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”
http://www.bollettino.unict.it/articoli/i-nutraceutici-prevenire-e-curare-le-infezioni-virali-e-anche-il-covid-nei-bambini

The main research groups working within DSFS are organized in six sections: Biochemistry, Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Systems Biology.

Biochemistry section
Research is primarily focused on apoptotic processes, role of TG-2 in cellular differentiation, mechanism of action of NOS activators and inhibitors and the potential therapeutic application of stem cell.

Chemistry section
Organic synthetic methodologies regarding asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions and carbohydrates, synthesis and structural characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Study of physical, chemical and structural properties of materials and Smart Molecular Constructs Activated by Light, including their pharmaceutical and industrial application.

Medicinal Chemistry section
Primary research targets are design, synthesis and development of neuroprotective, anxiolytic, analgesic and anticancer agents utilizing the most advanced techniques such as as MM and ADME.

Pharmaceutical Technology section
Development of new drug delivery systems (DDS) for pharmaceutical, cosmetic/cosmeceutical, nutraceutical/food applications, using several techniques such as percutaneous absorption and non-viral vector studies. Calorimetric studies are performed by DSC.

Pharmacology and Toxicology section
Research is focused on two major fields of interest: neurophamacological and neurobiological studies with a special attention to Alzheimer’s disease and neuromodulation of pain transmission and mnemonic processes.

Ricerca finalizzata e Giovani ricercatori